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Исправление dikiy, (текущая версия) :

А я как-то один график два дня делал :)

И пришлось таки точки в gnuplot генерировать, так как вменяемого метода делать графики типа «пилы» в tikz я так и не нашел.

\tikzset{
%declare function={
%       sign(\x)=(and(\x<0,1)* -1)+(and(\x>0,1)*1);
%}
%}

\begin{tikzpicture}
                \def \x0{0.4};
                \def\T{-0.5*ln(1-2*\x0)};
                \def\n{0.05};
                \def\periode{1.223};
                \def\Tplusdt{0.971};
                \begin{axis}[axis y line = left, axis x line = center, xmin = 0, xmax=2.05,ymin=-0.1,ymax=0.5, ymajorgrids, x=4.2cm, y=4cm, xlabel=$t$, ylabel=$x_n(t)$, xtick={1,2,3}, extra x ticks = {0.805}, extra x tick labels ={$T$},
                x label style={anchor=west}, legend cell align = left
                ]
 %       \addplot coordinates (0,0)--(1,1)
                \addplot  [mark=,  thick, densely dashed] table {plot-data-minimal-folge.mat};
                \addplot  [mark=,  thick] table {plot-data-minimal-folge-dicht.mat};
                \legend{$n=6$, $n=18$};
                \addplot[<->] coordinates {(0.805,0.4) (\periode,0.4)};
                \node at (axis cs:0.95,0.45) {$\Delta_6$};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(\periode,0.45) (\periode,0)};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(0.805,0.45) (0.805,0)};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(\Tplusdt,0.3) (\Tplusdt,0)};
                \addplot[<->] coordinates {(0.805,0.25) (\Tplusdt,0.25)};
                \node[above] at (axis cs:0.9,0.25) {$\delta_6$};
 %      \addplot [mark=, very thick]  plot[variable=\t,domain=0:\T] (\t,{(\x0-0.5)*exp(2*\t)+0.5});
 %      \foreach \i in {0,...,0}
 %      \addplot [mark=, very thick]  plot[variable=\t,domain=0:2.15,samples=2.15/\n+1] (\t+\T,{\n*((mod(\t,\n)/\n-0.5)*(-1)^floor(\t/\n)+0.5)});
%       \addplot  coordinates {(0,0) (3,0)};
%        \addplot [mark=, very thick] coordinates {(0.8,0) (1,0)};
\end{axis}

Исправление dikiy, :

А я как-то один график два дня делал :)

\tikzset{
%declare function={
%       sign(\x)=(and(\x<0,1)* -1)+(and(\x>0,1)*1);
%}
%}

\begin{tikzpicture}
                \def \x0{0.4};
                \def\T{-0.5*ln(1-2*\x0)};
                \def\n{0.05};
                \def\periode{1.223};
                \def\Tplusdt{0.971};
                \begin{axis}[axis y line = left, axis x line = center, xmin = 0, xmax=2.05,ymin=-0.1,ymax=0.5, ymajorgrids, x=4.2cm, y=4cm, xlabel=$t$, ylabel=$x_n(t)$, xtick={1,2,3}, extra x ticks = {0.805}, extra x tick labels ={$T$},
                x label style={anchor=west}, legend cell align = left
                ]
 %       \addplot coordinates (0,0)--(1,1)
                \addplot  [mark=,  thick, densely dashed] table {plot-data-minimal-folge.mat};
                \addplot  [mark=,  thick] table {plot-data-minimal-folge-dicht.mat};
                \legend{$n=6$, $n=18$};
                \addplot[<->] coordinates {(0.805,0.4) (\periode,0.4)};
                \node at (axis cs:0.95,0.45) {$\Delta_6$};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(\periode,0.45) (\periode,0)};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(0.805,0.45) (0.805,0)};
                \addplot[dashed] coordinates {(\Tplusdt,0.3) (\Tplusdt,0)};
                \addplot[<->] coordinates {(0.805,0.25) (\Tplusdt,0.25)};
                \node[above] at (axis cs:0.9,0.25) {$\delta_6$};
\end{axis}

Исходная версия dikiy, :

А я как-то один график два дня делал :)