История изменений
Исправление manul91, (текущая версия) :
Проверил в debian на виртуалке, все работает.
(убрал quiet из kernel line чтобы смотреть на сообщения. Правда несколько медленней забутился с вытащенном диске, висел где-то 15-20 лишних секунд на каком-то local-block скрипте что не бывает если все нормально).
Процесс теста: инсталляция trixie stable с нуля в виртуалке, / на raid1, UEFI подключено (EFI на оба диска подшаманил чтобы бутился с любого).
Сначала пока с рейдом все нормально, ничего не трогаем.
Выключаем виртуалку.
В выключенном состоянии, убираем одного из дисков рейда.
Запускаем снова, теперь только с одним диском - все работает.
Расходимся, ложная тревога.
Вот результат после запуска:
root@debian-test:~# dmesg | grep md1
[ 116.170130] md/raid1:md1: active with 1 out of 2 mirrors
[ 116.170406] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 36046848
[ 177.102806] EXT4-fs (md1): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
[ 177.104666] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[ 181.933540] EXT4-fs (md1): re-mounted 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 r/w.
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda2[0]
1950720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sda3[0]
18023424 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# !NB! Run update-initramfs -u after updating this file.
# !NB! This will ensure that initramfs has an uptodate copy.
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=db7490bc:a8145226:33d0a03e:f92d4dc2
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=4cf70a58:2d86b830:eff2f233:bcb9c87e
# This configuration was auto-generated on Sun, 02 Nov 2025 13:55:08 -0500 by mkconf
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 953M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17.2G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 17.2G 0 raid1 /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
root@debian-test:~# efibootmgr -v | grep debian
Boot0001* debian2 HD(1,GPT,6f9e73da-2140-4648-a163-3e62860d9835,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
Boot0004* debian HD(1,GPT,c6367fff-b688-4570-9370-8b6f8723c267,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
root@debian-test:~# ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Nov 2 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 2 14:47 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 -> ../../md0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 2 14:47 5BA0-ED87 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 -> ../../md1
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# systemd generates mount units based on this file, see systemd.mount(5).
# Please run 'systemctl daemon-reload' after making changes here.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/md1 during installation
UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5BA0-ED87 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep linux | grep boot
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
root@debian-test:~# hostnamectl
Static hostname: debian-test
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm 🖴
Machine ID: debd53a7af31403fbd3d2d4e249d672d
Boot ID: f2992371a4bf4c3bb61a84877b341b47
Product UUID: 5accc1b2-947e-6440-a405-00387bf6301d
AF_VSOCK CID: 1
Virtualization: oracle
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Kernel: Linux 6.12.48+deb13-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: innotek GmbH
Hardware Model: VirtualBox
Hardware Serial: VirtualBox-b2c1cc5a-7e94-4064-a405-00387bf6301d
Firmware Version: VirtualBox
Firmware Date: Fri 2006-12-01
Firmware Age: 18y 11month 2d
Исправление manul91, :
Проверил в debian на виртуалке, все работает.
(убрал quiet из kernel line чтобы смотреть на сообщения. Правда несколько медленней забутился с вытащенном диске, висел где-то 15-20 лишних секунд на каком-то local-block скрипте что не бывает если все нормально).
Процесс теста: инсталляция trixie stable с нуля в виртуалке, / на raid1, UEFI подключено (EFI на оба диска подшаманил чтобы бутился с любого).
Выключаем виртуалку. В выключенном состоянии, убираем одного из дисков. Запускаем снова, теперь только с одним диском - все работает.
Расходимся, ложная тревога.
Вот результат после запуска:
root@debian-test:~# dmesg | grep md1
[ 116.170130] md/raid1:md1: active with 1 out of 2 mirrors
[ 116.170406] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 36046848
[ 177.102806] EXT4-fs (md1): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
[ 177.104666] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[ 181.933540] EXT4-fs (md1): re-mounted 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 r/w.
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda2[0]
1950720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sda3[0]
18023424 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# !NB! Run update-initramfs -u after updating this file.
# !NB! This will ensure that initramfs has an uptodate copy.
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=db7490bc:a8145226:33d0a03e:f92d4dc2
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=4cf70a58:2d86b830:eff2f233:bcb9c87e
# This configuration was auto-generated on Sun, 02 Nov 2025 13:55:08 -0500 by mkconf
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 953M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17.2G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 17.2G 0 raid1 /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
root@debian-test:~# efibootmgr -v | grep debian
Boot0001* debian2 HD(1,GPT,6f9e73da-2140-4648-a163-3e62860d9835,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
Boot0004* debian HD(1,GPT,c6367fff-b688-4570-9370-8b6f8723c267,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
root@debian-test:~# ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Nov 2 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 2 14:47 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 -> ../../md0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 2 14:47 5BA0-ED87 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 -> ../../md1
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# systemd generates mount units based on this file, see systemd.mount(5).
# Please run 'systemctl daemon-reload' after making changes here.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/md1 during installation
UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5BA0-ED87 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep linux | grep boot
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
root@debian-test:~# hostnamectl
Static hostname: debian-test
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm 🖴
Machine ID: debd53a7af31403fbd3d2d4e249d672d
Boot ID: f2992371a4bf4c3bb61a84877b341b47
Product UUID: 5accc1b2-947e-6440-a405-00387bf6301d
AF_VSOCK CID: 1
Virtualization: oracle
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Kernel: Linux 6.12.48+deb13-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: innotek GmbH
Hardware Model: VirtualBox
Hardware Serial: VirtualBox-b2c1cc5a-7e94-4064-a405-00387bf6301d
Firmware Version: VirtualBox
Firmware Date: Fri 2006-12-01
Firmware Age: 18y 11month 2d
Исправление manul91, :
Проверил на виртуалке, все работает.
(убрал quiet из kernel line чтобы смотреть на сообщения. Правда несколько медленней забутился с вытащенном диске, висел где-то 15-20 лишних секунд на каком-то local-block скрипте что не бывает если все нормально).
Процесс теста: инсталляция trixie stable с нуля в виртуалке, / на raid1, UEFI подключено (EFI на оба диска подшаманил чтобы бутился с любого).
Выключаем виртуалку. В выключенном состоянии, убираем одного из дисков. Запускаем снова, теперь только с одним диском - все работает.
Вот результат после запуска:
root@debian-test:~# dmesg | grep md1
[ 116.170130] md/raid1:md1: active with 1 out of 2 mirrors
[ 116.170406] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 36046848
[ 177.102806] EXT4-fs (md1): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
[ 177.104666] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[ 181.933540] EXT4-fs (md1): re-mounted 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 r/w.
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda2[0]
1950720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sda3[0]
18023424 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf
# mdadm.conf
#
# !NB! Run update-initramfs -u after updating this file.
# !NB! This will ensure that initramfs has an uptodate copy.
#
# Please refer to mdadm.conf(5) for information about this file.
#
# by default (built-in), scan all partitions (/proc/partitions) and all
# containers for MD superblocks. alternatively, specify devices to scan, using
# wildcards if desired.
#DEVICE partitions containers
# automatically tag new arrays as belonging to the local system
HOMEHOST <system>
# instruct the monitoring daemon where to send mail alerts
MAILADDR root
# definitions of existing MD arrays
ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=db7490bc:a8145226:33d0a03e:f92d4dc2
ARRAY /dev/md/1 metadata=1.2 UUID=4cf70a58:2d86b830:eff2f233:bcb9c87e
# This configuration was auto-generated on Sun, 02 Nov 2025 13:55:08 -0500 by mkconf
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 953M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17.2G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 17.2G 0 raid1 /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
root@debian-test:~# efibootmgr -v | grep debian
Boot0001* debian2 HD(1,GPT,6f9e73da-2140-4648-a163-3e62860d9835,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
Boot0004* debian HD(1,GPT,c6367fff-b688-4570-9370-8b6f8723c267,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
root@debian-test:~# ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Nov 2 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 2 14:47 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 -> ../../md0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 2 14:47 5BA0-ED87 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 -> ../../md1
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# systemd generates mount units based on this file, see systemd.mount(5).
# Please run 'systemctl daemon-reload' after making changes here.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/md1 during installation
UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5BA0-ED87 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep linux | grep boot
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
root@debian-test:~# hostnamectl
Static hostname: debian-test
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm 🖴
Machine ID: debd53a7af31403fbd3d2d4e249d672d
Boot ID: f2992371a4bf4c3bb61a84877b341b47
Product UUID: 5accc1b2-947e-6440-a405-00387bf6301d
AF_VSOCK CID: 1
Virtualization: oracle
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Kernel: Linux 6.12.48+deb13-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: innotek GmbH
Hardware Model: VirtualBox
Hardware Serial: VirtualBox-b2c1cc5a-7e94-4064-a405-00387bf6301d
Firmware Version: VirtualBox
Firmware Date: Fri 2006-12-01
Firmware Age: 18y 11month 2d
Исходная версия manul91, :
Проверил на виртуалке, все работает.
(убрал quiet из kernel line чтобы смотреть на сообщения. Правда несколько медленней забутился с вытащенном диске, висел где-то 15-20 лишних секунд на каком-то local-block скрипте что не бывает если все нормально).
Процесс теста: инсталляция trixie stable с нуля в виртуалке, / на raid1, UEFI подключено (EFI на оба диска подшаманил чтобы бутился с любого).
Выключаем виртуалку. В выключенном состоянии, убираем одного из дисков. Запускаем снова, теперь только с одним диском - все работает.
Вот результат после запуска:
root@debian-test:~# dmesg | grep md1
[ 116.170130] md/raid1:md1: active with 1 out of 2 mirrors
[ 116.170406] md1: detected capacity change from 0 to 36046848
[ 177.102806] EXT4-fs (md1): orphan cleanup on readonly fs
[ 177.104666] EXT4-fs (md1): mounted filesystem 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
[ 181.933540] EXT4-fs (md1): re-mounted 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 r/w.
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md0 : active (auto-read-only) raid1 sda2[0]
1950720 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
md1 : active raid1 sda3[0]
18023424 blocks super 1.2 [2/1] [U_]
unused devices: <none>
root@debian-test:~# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINTS
sda 8:0 0 20G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 953M 0 part /boot/efi
├─sda2 8:2 0 1.9G 0 part
│ └─md0 9:0 0 1.9G 0 raid1 [SWAP]
└─sda3 8:3 0 17.2G 0 part
└─md1 9:1 0 17.2G 0 raid1 /
sr0 11:0 1 1024M 0 rom
root@debian-test:~# efibootmgr -v | grep debian
Boot0001* debian2 HD(1,GPT,6f9e73da-2140-4648-a163-3e62860d9835,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
Boot0004* debian HD(1,GPT,c6367fff-b688-4570-9370-8b6f8723c267,0x800,0x1dc800)/File(\EFI\debian\shimx64.efi)
root@debian-test:~# ls -al /dev/disk/by-uuid/
total 0
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 100 Nov 2 14:49 .
drwxr-xr-x 8 root root 160 Nov 2 14:47 ..
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 -> ../../md0
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Nov 2 14:47 5BA0-ED87 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 Nov 2 14:49 750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 -> ../../md1
root@debian-test:~# cat /etc/fstab
# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a
# device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices
# that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5).
#
# systemd generates mount units based on this file, see systemd.mount(5).
# Please run 'systemctl daemon-reload' after making changes here.
#
# <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass>
# / was on /dev/md1 during installation
UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1
# /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation
UUID=5BA0-ED87 /boot/efi vfat umask=0077 0 1
# swap was on /dev/md0 during installation
UUID=3caf28fc-ebb0-4486-9769-5ec78ee31304 none swap sw 0 0
/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom0 udf,iso9660 user,noauto 0 0
root@debian-test:~#
root@debian-test:~# cat /boot/grub/grub.cfg | grep linux | grep boot
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.48+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro
linux /boot/vmlinuz-6.12.43+deb13-amd64 root=UUID=750be247-574a-4afa-9cc8-bace54e390e2 ro single dis_ucode_ldr
root@debian-test:~# hostnamectl
Static hostname: debian-test
Icon name: computer-vm
Chassis: vm 🖴
Machine ID: debd53a7af31403fbd3d2d4e249d672d
Boot ID: f2992371a4bf4c3bb61a84877b341b47
Product UUID: 5accc1b2-947e-6440-a405-00387bf6301d
AF_VSOCK CID: 1
Virtualization: oracle
Operating System: Debian GNU/Linux 13 (trixie)
Kernel: Linux 6.12.48+deb13-amd64
Architecture: x86-64
Hardware Vendor: innotek GmbH
Hardware Model: VirtualBox
Hardware Serial: VirtualBox-b2c1cc5a-7e94-4064-a405-00387bf6301d
Firmware Version: VirtualBox
Firmware Date: Fri 2006-12-01
Firmware Age: 18y 11month 2d